How do I cite personal communications (like emails or interviews) in APA Style?
Answer
Personal Communications
Personal communications include:
- emails
- phone conversations
- text messages
- personal interviews
- social media messages
You do not include personal communications in your reference list. Instead parenthetically cite the communicator's name, the phrase "personal communication," and the date of the communication in your main text only.
(First initial. Last Name, personal communication, date)
Examples:
- (E. Roberts, personal communication, January 4, 2020)
- Emily Roberts (personal communication, January 4, 2020) argued that "[insert quote here]."